A State-Of-The-Art Perspective on the Characterization of Subterranean Estuaries at the Regional Scale

Subterranean estuaries the, subsurface mixing zones of terrestrial groundwater and seawater, substantially influence solute fluxes to the oceans. Solutes brought by from land solutes sea can undergo biogeochemical reactions. These are often mediated microbes controlled reactions with coastal sediments, determine composition fluids discharging STEs (i.e., submarine discharge), which may have consequences showing in ecosystems. While at local scale (meters), processes been intensively studied, impact subterranean estuary on ocean remains poorly constrained regional (kilometers). In present communication, we review that occur STEs, focusing mainly fluid flow transformations nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, sulfur trace metals. We highlight spatio-temporal dynamics measurable manifestations those processes. The objective this contribution is provide a perspective how tracer studies, geophysical methods, remote sensing hydrogeological modeling could exploit such estimate regional-scale ocean.